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    //! Primitives for working with UDP.
    //!
    //! The types provided in this module are non-blocking by default and are
    //! designed to be portable across all supported Mio platforms. As long as the
    //! [portability guidelines] are followed, the behavior should be identical no
    //! matter the target platform.
    //!
    //! [portability guidelines]: ../struct.Poll.html#portability

    use crate::io_source::IoSource;
    use crate::{event, sys, Interest, Registry, Token};

    use std::fmt;
    use std::io;
    use std::net;
    use std::net::{Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr, SocketAddr};
    #[cfg(unix)]
    use std::os::unix::io::{AsRawFd, FromRawFd, IntoRawFd, RawFd};
    #[cfg(windows)]
    use std::os::windows::io::{AsRawSocket, FromRawSocket, IntoRawSocket, RawSocket};

    /// A User Datagram Protocol socket.
    ///
    /// This is an implementation of a bound UDP socket. This supports both IPv4 and
    /// IPv6 addresses, and there is no corresponding notion of a server because UDP
    /// is a datagram protocol.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "os-poll", doc = "```")]
    #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "os-poll"), doc = "```ignore")]
    /// # use std::error::Error;
    /// #
    /// # fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
    /// // An Echo program:
    /// // SENDER -> sends a message.
    /// // ECHOER -> listens and prints the message received.
    ///
    /// use mio::net::UdpSocket;
    /// use mio::{Events, Interest, Poll, Token};
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// const SENDER: Token = Token(0);
    /// const ECHOER: Token = Token(1);
    ///
    /// // This operation will fail if the address is in use, so we select different ports for each
    /// // socket.
    /// let mut sender_socket = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0".parse()?)?;
    /// let mut echoer_socket = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0".parse()?)?;
    ///
    /// // If we do not use connect here, SENDER and ECHOER would need to call send_to and recv_from
    /// // respectively.
    /// sender_socket.connect(echoer_socket.local_addr()?)?;
    ///
    /// // We need a Poll to check if SENDER is ready to be written into, and if ECHOER is ready to be
    /// // read from.
    /// let mut poll = Poll::new()?;
    ///
    /// // We register our sockets here so that we can check if they are ready to be written/read.
    /// poll.registry().register(&mut sender_socket, SENDER, Interest::WRITABLE)?;
    /// poll.registry().register(&mut echoer_socket, ECHOER, Interest::READABLE)?;
    ///
    /// let msg_to_send = [9; 9];
    /// let mut buffer = [0; 9];
    ///
    /// let mut events = Events::with_capacity(128);
    /// loop {
    ///     poll.poll(&mut events, Some(Duration::from_millis(100)))?;
    ///     for event in events.iter() {
    ///         match event.token() {
    ///             // Our SENDER is ready to be written into.
    ///             SENDER => {
    ///                 let bytes_sent = sender_socket.send(&msg_to_send)?;
    ///                 assert_eq!(bytes_sent, 9);
    ///                 println!("sent {:?} -> {:?} bytes", msg_to_send, bytes_sent);
    ///             },
    ///             // Our ECHOER is ready to be read from.
    ///             ECHOER => {
    ///                 let num_recv = echoer_socket.recv(&mut buffer)?;
    ///                 println!("echo {:?} -> {:?}", buffer, num_recv);
    ///                 buffer = [0; 9];
    ///                 # drop(buffer); // Silence unused assignment warning.
    ///                 # return Ok(());
    ///             }
    ///             _ => unreachable!()
    ///         }
    ///     }
    /// }
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub struct UdpSocket {
        inner: IoSource<net::UdpSocket>,
    }

    impl UdpSocket {
        /// Creates a UDP socket from the given address.
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        #[cfg_attr(feature = "os-poll", doc = "```")]
        #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "os-poll"), doc = "```ignore")]
        /// # use std::error::Error;
        /// #
        /// # fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
        /// use mio::net::UdpSocket;
        ///
        /// // We must bind it to an open address.
        /// let socket = match UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0".parse()?) {
        ///     Ok(new_socket) => new_socket,
        ///     Err(fail) => {
        ///         // We panic! here, but you could try to bind it again on another address.
        ///         panic!("Failed to bind socket. {:?}", fail);
        ///     }
        /// };
        ///
        /// // Our socket was created, but we should not use it before checking it's readiness.
        /// #    drop(socket); // Silence unused variable warning.
        /// #    Ok(())
        /// # }
        /// ```
        pub fn bind(addr: SocketAddr) -> io::Result<UdpSocket> {
            sys::udp::bind(addr).map(UdpSocket::from_std)
        }

        /// Creates a new `UdpSocket` from a standard `net::UdpSocket`.
        ///
        /// This function is intended to be used to wrap a UDP socket from the
        /// standard library in the Mio equivalent. The conversion assumes nothing
        /// about the underlying socket; it is left up to the user to set it in
        /// non-blocking mode.
        pub fn from_std(socket: net::UdpSocket) -> UdpSocket {
            UdpSocket {
                inner: IoSource::new(socket),
            }
        }

        /// Returns the socket address that this socket was created from.
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        // This assertion is almost, but not quite, universal.  It fails on
        // shared-IP FreeBSD jails.  It's hard for mio to know whether we're jailed,
        // so simply disable the test on FreeBSD.
        #[cfg_attr(all(feature = "os-poll", not(target_os = "freebsd")), doc = "```")]
        #[cfg_attr(
            any(not(feature = "os-poll"), target_os = "freebsd"),
            doc = "```ignore"
        )]
        /// # use std::error::Error;
        /// #
        /// # fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
        /// use mio::net::UdpSocket;
        ///
        /// let addr = "127.0.0.1:0".parse()?;
        /// let socket = UdpSocket::bind(addr)?;
        /// assert_eq!(socket.local_addr()?.ip(), addr.ip());
        /// #    Ok(())
        /// # }
        /// ```
        pub fn local_addr(&self) -> io::Result<SocketAddr> {
            self.inner.local_addr()
        }

        /// Sends data on the socket to the given address. On success, returns the
        /// number of bytes written.
        ///
        /// Address type can be any implementor of `ToSocketAddrs` trait. See its
        /// documentation for concrete examples.
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        /// ```no_run
        /// # use std::error::Error;
        /// # fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
        /// use mio::net::UdpSocket;
        ///
        /// let socket = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0".parse()?)?;
        ///
        /// // We must check if the socket is writable before calling send_to,
        /// // or we could run into a WouldBlock error.
        ///
        /// let bytes_sent = socket.send_to(&[9; 9], "127.0.0.1:11100".parse()?)?;
        /// assert_eq!(bytes_sent, 9);
        /// #
        /// #    Ok(())
        /// # }
        /// ```
        pub fn send_to(&self, buf: &[u8], target: SocketAddr) -> io::Result<usize> {
            self.inner.do_io(|inner| inner.send_to(buf, target))
        }

        /// Receives data from the socket. On success, returns the number of bytes
        /// read and the address from whence the data came.
        ///
        /// # Notes
        ///
        /// On Windows, if the data is larger than the buffer specified, the buffer
        /// is filled with the first part of the data, and recv_from returns the error
        /// WSAEMSGSIZE(10040). The excess data is lost.
        /// Make sure to always use a sufficiently large buffer to hold the
        /// maximum UDP packet size, which can be up to 65536 bytes in size.
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        /// ```no_run
        /// # use std::error::Error;
        /// #
        /// # fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
        /// use mio::net::UdpSocket;
        ///
        /// let socket = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0".parse()?)?;
        ///
        /// // We must check if the socket is readable before calling recv_from,
        /// // or we could run into a WouldBlock error.
        ///
        /// let mut buf = [0; 9];
        /// let (num_recv, from_addr) = socket.recv_from(&mut buf)?;
        /// println!("Received {:?} -> {:?} bytes from {:?}", buf, num_recv, from_addr);
        /// #
        /// #    Ok(())
        /// # }
        /// ```
        pub fn recv_from(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<(usize, SocketAddr)> {
            self.inner.do_io(|inner| inner.recv_from(buf))
        }

        /// Receives data from the socket, without removing it from the input queue.
        /// On success, returns the number of bytes read and the address from whence
        /// the data came.
        ///
        /// # Notes
        ///
        /// On Windows, if the data is larger than the buffer specified, the buffer
        /// is filled with the first part of the data, and peek_from returns the error
        /// WSAEMSGSIZE(10040). The excess data is lost.
        /// Make sure to always use a sufficiently large buffer to hold the
        /// maximum UDP packet size, which can be up to 65536 bytes in size.
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        /// ```no_run
        /// # use std::error::Error;
        /// #
        /// # fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
        /// use mio::net::UdpSocket;
        ///
        /// let socket = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0".parse()?)?;
        ///
        /// // We must check if the socket is readable before calling recv_from,
        /// // or we could run into a WouldBlock error.
        ///
        /// let mut buf = [0; 9];
        /// let (num_recv, from_addr) = socket.peek_from(&mut buf)?;
        /// println!("Received {:?} -> {:?} bytes from {:?}", buf, num_recv, from_addr);
        /// #
        /// #    Ok(())
        /// # }
        /// ```
        pub fn peek_from(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<(usize, SocketAddr)> {
            self.inner.do_io(|inner| inner.peek_from(buf))
        }

        /// Sends data on the socket to the address previously bound via connect(). On success,
        /// returns the number of bytes written.
        pub fn send(&self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
            self.inner.do_io(|inner| inner.send(buf))
        }

        /// Receives data from the socket previously bound with connect(). On success, returns
        /// the number of bytes read.
        ///
        /// # Notes
        ///
        /// On Windows, if the data is larger than the buffer specified, the buffer
        /// is filled with the first part of the data, and recv returns the error
        /// WSAEMSGSIZE(10040). The excess data is lost.
        /// Make sure to always use a sufficiently large buffer to hold the
        /// maximum UDP packet size, which can be up to 65536 bytes in size.
        pub fn recv(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
            self.inner.do_io(|inner| inner.recv(buf))
        }

        /// Receives data from the socket, without removing it from the input queue.
        /// On success, returns the number of bytes read.
        ///
        /// # Notes
        ///
        /// On Windows, if the data is larger than the buffer specified, the buffer
        /// is filled with the first part of the data, and peek returns the error
        /// WSAEMSGSIZE(10040). The excess data is lost.
        /// Make sure to always use a sufficiently large buffer to hold the
        /// maximum UDP packet size, which can be up to 65536 bytes in size.
        pub fn peek(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
            self.inner.do_io(|inner| inner.peek(buf))
        }

        /// Connects the UDP socket setting the default destination for `send()`
        /// and limiting packets that are read via `recv` from the address specified
        /// in `addr`.
        pub fn connect(&self, addr: SocketAddr) -> io::Result<()> {
            self.inner.connect(addr)
        }

        /// Sets the value of the `SO_BROADCAST` option for this socket.
        ///
        /// When enabled, this socket is allowed to send packets to a broadcast
        /// address.
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        #[cfg_attr(feature = "os-poll", doc = "```")]
        #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "os-poll"), doc = "```ignore")]
        /// # use std::error::Error;
        /// #
        /// # fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
        /// use mio::net::UdpSocket;
        ///
        /// let broadcast_socket = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0".parse()?)?;
        /// if broadcast_socket.broadcast()? == false {
        ///     broadcast_socket.set_broadcast(true)?;
        /// }
        ///
        /// assert_eq!(broadcast_socket.broadcast()?, true);
        /// #
        /// #    Ok(())
        /// # }
        /// ```
        pub fn set_broadcast(&self, on: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
            self.inner.set_broadcast(on)
        }

        /// Gets the value of the `SO_BROADCAST` option for this socket.
        ///
        /// For more information about this option, see
        /// [`set_broadcast`][link].
        ///
        /// [link]: #method.set_broadcast
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        #[cfg_attr(feature = "os-poll", doc = "```")]
        #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "os-poll"), doc = "```ignore")]
        /// # use std::error::Error;
        /// #
        /// # fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
        /// use mio::net::UdpSocket;
        ///
        /// let broadcast_socket = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0".parse()?)?;
        /// assert_eq!(broadcast_socket.broadcast()?, false);
        /// #
        /// #    Ok(())
        /// # }
        /// ```
        pub fn broadcast(&self) -> io::Result<bool> {
            self.inner.broadcast()
        }

        /// Sets the value of the `IP_MULTICAST_LOOP` option for this socket.
        ///
        /// If enabled, multicast packets will be looped back to the local socket.
        /// Note that this may not have any affect on IPv6 sockets.
        pub fn set_multicast_loop_v4(&self, on: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
            self.inner.set_multicast_loop_v4(on)
        }

        /// Gets the value of the `IP_MULTICAST_LOOP` option for this socket.
        ///
        /// For more information about this option, see
        /// [`set_multicast_loop_v4`][link].
        ///
        /// [link]: #method.set_multicast_loop_v4
        pub fn multicast_loop_v4(&self) -> io::Result<bool> {
            self.inner.multicast_loop_v4()
        }

        /// Sets the value of the `IP_MULTICAST_TTL` option for this socket.
        ///
        /// Indicates the time-to-live value of outgoing multicast packets for
        /// this socket. The default value is 1 which means that multicast packets
        /// don't leave the local network unless explicitly requested.
        ///
        /// Note that this may not have any affect on IPv6 sockets.
        pub fn set_multicast_ttl_v4(&self, ttl: u32) -> io::Result<()> {
            self.inner.set_multicast_ttl_v4(ttl)
        }

        /// Gets the value of the `IP_MULTICAST_TTL` option for this socket.
        ///
        /// For more information about this option, see
        /// [`set_multicast_ttl_v4`][link].
        ///
        /// [link]: #method.set_multicast_ttl_v4
        pub fn multicast_ttl_v4(&self) -> io::Result<u32> {
            self.inner.multicast_ttl_v4()
        }

        /// Sets the value of the `IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP` option for this socket.
        ///
        /// Controls whether this socket sees the multicast packets it sends itself.
        /// Note that this may not have any affect on IPv4 sockets.
        pub fn set_multicast_loop_v6(&self, on: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
            self.inner.set_multicast_loop_v6(on)
        }

        /// Gets the value of the `IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP` option for this socket.
        ///
        /// For more information about this option, see
        /// [`set_multicast_loop_v6`][link].
        ///
        /// [link]: #method.set_multicast_loop_v6
        pub fn multicast_loop_v6(&self) -> io::Result<bool> {
            self.inner.multicast_loop_v6()
        }

        /// Sets the value for the `IP_TTL` option on this socket.
        ///
        /// This value sets the time-to-live field that is used in every packet sent
        /// from this socket.
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        #[cfg_attr(feature = "os-poll", doc = "```")]
        #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "os-poll"), doc = "```ignore")]
        /// # use std::error::Error;
        /// #
        /// # fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
        /// use mio::net::UdpSocket;
        ///
        /// let socket = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0".parse()?)?;
        /// if socket.ttl()? < 255 {
        ///     socket.set_ttl(255)?;
        /// }
        ///
        /// assert_eq!(socket.ttl()?, 255);
        /// #
        /// #    Ok(())
        /// # }
        /// ```
        pub fn set_ttl(&self, ttl: u32) -> io::Result<()> {
            self.inner.set_ttl(ttl)
        }

        /// Gets the value of the `IP_TTL` option for this socket.
        ///
        /// For more information about this option, see [`set_ttl`][link].
        ///
        /// [link]: #method.set_ttl
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        #[cfg_attr(feature = "os-poll", doc = "```")]
        #[cfg_attr(not(feature = "os-poll"), doc = "```ignore")]
        /// # use std::error::Error;
        /// #
        /// # fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
        /// use mio::net::UdpSocket;
        ///
        /// let socket = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0".parse()?)?;
        /// socket.set_ttl(255)?;
        ///
        /// assert_eq!(socket.ttl()?, 255);
        /// #
        /// #    Ok(())
        /// # }
        /// ```
        pub fn ttl(&self) -> io::Result<u32> {
            self.inner.ttl()
        }

        /// Executes an operation of the `IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP` type.
        ///
        /// This function specifies a new multicast group for this socket to join.
        /// The address must be a valid multicast address, and `interface` is the
        /// address of the local interface with which the system should join the
        /// multicast group. If it's equal to `INADDR_ANY` then an appropriate
        /// interface is chosen by the system.
        #[allow(clippy::trivially_copy_pass_by_ref)]
        pub fn join_multicast_v4(&self, multiaddr: &Ipv4Addr, interface: &Ipv4Addr) -> io::Result<()> {
            self.inner.join_multicast_v4(multiaddr, interface)
        }

        /// Executes an operation of the `IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP` type.
        ///
        /// This function specifies a new multicast group for this socket to join.
        /// The address must be a valid multicast address, and `interface` is the
        /// index of the interface to join/leave (or 0 to indicate any interface).
        #[allow(clippy::trivially_copy_pass_by_ref)]
        pub fn join_multicast_v6(&self, multiaddr: &Ipv6Addr, interface: u32) -> io::Result<()> {
            self.inner.join_multicast_v6(multiaddr, interface)
        }

        /// Executes an operation of the `IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP` type.
        ///
        /// For more information about this option, see
        /// [`join_multicast_v4`][link].
        ///
        /// [link]: #method.join_multicast_v4
        #[allow(clippy::trivially_copy_pass_by_ref)]
        pub fn leave_multicast_v4(&self, multiaddr: &Ipv4Addr, interface: &Ipv4Addr) -> io::Result<()> {
            self.inner.leave_multicast_v4(multiaddr, interface)
        }

        /// Executes an operation of the `IPV6_DROP_MEMBERSHIP` type.
        ///
        /// For more information about this option, see
        /// [`join_multicast_v6`][link].
        ///
        /// [link]: #method.join_multicast_v6
        #[allow(clippy::trivially_copy_pass_by_ref)]
        pub fn leave_multicast_v6(&self, multiaddr: &Ipv6Addr, interface: u32) -> io::Result<()> {
            self.inner.leave_multicast_v6(multiaddr, interface)
        }

        /// Get the value of the `IPV6_V6ONLY` option on this socket.
        #[allow(clippy::trivially_copy_pass_by_ref)]
        pub fn only_v6(&self) -> io::Result<bool> {
            sys::udp::only_v6(&self.inner)
        }

        /// Get the value of the `SO_ERROR` option on this socket.
        ///
        /// This will retrieve the stored error in the underlying socket, clearing
        /// the field in the process. This can be useful for checking errors between
        /// calls.
        pub fn take_error(&self) -> io::Result<Option<io::Error>> {
            self.inner.take_error()
        }
    }

    impl event::Source for UdpSocket {
        fn register(
            &mut self,
            registry: &Registry,
            token: Token,
            interests: Interest,
        ) -> io::Result<()> {
            self.inner.register(registry, token, interests)
        }

        fn reregister(
            &mut self,
            registry: &Registry,
            token: Token,
            interests: Interest,
        ) -> io::Result<()> {
            self.inner.reregister(registry, token, interests)
        }

        fn deregister(&mut self, registry: &Registry) -> io::Result<()> {
            self.inner.deregister(registry)
        }
    }

    impl fmt::Debug for UdpSocket {
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
            self.inner.fmt(f)
        }
    }

    #[cfg(unix)]
    impl IntoRawFd for UdpSocket {
        fn into_raw_fd(self) -> RawFd {
            self.inner.into_inner().into_raw_fd()
        }
    }

    #[cfg(unix)]
    impl AsRawFd for UdpSocket {
        fn as_raw_fd(&self) -> RawFd {
            self.inner.as_raw_fd()
        }
    }

    #[cfg(unix)]
    impl FromRawFd for UdpSocket {
        /// Converts a `RawFd` to a `UdpSocket`.
        ///
        /// # Notes
        ///
        /// The caller is responsible for ensuring that the socket is in
        /// non-blocking mode.
        unsafe fn from_raw_fd(fd: RawFd) -> UdpSocket {
            UdpSocket::from_std(FromRawFd::from_raw_fd(fd))
        }
    }

    #[cfg(windows)]
    impl IntoRawSocket for UdpSocket {
        fn into_raw_socket(self) -> RawSocket {
            self.inner.into_inner().into_raw_socket()
        }
    }

    #[cfg(windows)]
    impl AsRawSocket for UdpSocket {
        fn as_raw_socket(&self) -> RawSocket {
            self.inner.as_raw_socket()
        }
    }

    #[cfg(windows)]
    impl FromRawSocket for UdpSocket {
        /// Converts a `RawSocket` to a `UdpSocket`.
        ///
        /// # Notes
        ///
        /// The caller is responsible for ensuring that the socket is in
        /// non-blocking mode.
        unsafe fn from_raw_socket(socket: RawSocket) -> UdpSocket {
            UdpSocket::from_std(FromRawSocket::from_raw_socket(socket))
        }
    }